Positive Train Control, or PTC, is a set of technologies designed to assure that our railroad system is protected from collisions and error-driven accidents. The system tracks the location of trains, compares their immediate operations to infrastructure limits, the presence of other trains, and other sources of risks, and guides operators, or the trains themselves, to avoid accidents.PTC is a complicated and varied system being deployed across the nation. Two distinct systems are in use – Interoperable Electronic Train Management System (I-ETMS) and ACSES – Advanced Civil Speed Enforcement System. To help us understand these systems and to learn more about PTC, we talk with Paul Victor, an experienced railroader and former President of the New York and Atlantic Railroad, a short line railroad serving customers in the New York City Metropolitan area